Industrialization can result in a devastating effect on the environment and nanotechnology can help in bringing down the carbon dioxide levels produced as a result of cement production. Since cement is one of the commonly used material in the construction arena Lafarge along with MIT is examining the concrete nanostructures for bringing down the output of carbon dioxide. Cement is created by crushing clay and limestone together and then heating them at 1500°C in a kiln and it is during the heating process that carbon dioxide is produced. The researchers are trying to produce a replacement material which has the same packing density but does not require high production temperatures for producing standard temperature. They are looking forward to replacing calcium with magnesium in cement. Professor Franz-Josef Ulm, Civil and environmental engineering, MIT stated: If everything depends on the organizational structure of the nanoparticles that make up concrete, rather than on the material itself, we can conceivably replace it with a material that has concrete’s other characteristics–strength, durability, mass availability and low cost–but does not release so much CO2 into the atmosphere during manufacture.